As everybody knows, Kerala is always referred to as “God’s Own Country,” and is known for its stunning landscapes, lush greenery, and rich culture. One of the major features of Kerala that reflects its heritage is its unique architecture, especially in the form of traditional and modern homes. Kerala houses are still in trend. They are constructed with Vastu Shastra and are planned to withstand the varying climatic conditions. 

This guide helps to provide a detailed overview of Kerala homes, from architectural styles and materials used to contemporary trends and interior designs.

What is Kerala Architecture?

Kerala architecture is one of the famous styles of architecture in southern India. These structures perfectly combine Vaastu Shastra, Carpentry, and sustainability.

The homes will commonly include long, steep roofs in plain circular for (quick runoff), square or rectangular shapes, gable windows, large verandas( to enjoy the rain without getting wet), tall pillars and airy courtyards. Woods such as teak, rosewood and naturally available materials such as stone and clay are used, maintaining pleasing aesthetics with a minimal environmental footprint.

Distinctive Features of Kerala Homes

The following are some key elements that describe the essence of Kerala house design:

Planning Features

Source: Kerala House Planning Features

Central Courtyard or Nadumuttom

Located in the precise heart of the house and separating it into four sides, the courtyard is regarded as the primary focal point of the house. It is also exposed to the sky. Usually situated in the middle of the courtyard, a tulsi plant or tree is planted there. The motive behind this design is to let the tree function as a natural air purifier.

Pooja Rooms

Kerala homes feature dedicated spaces for worship, often found in the northeast corner, as per Vastu Shastra. Idols are positioned facing east or west, and the person praying will face west or east, respectively. These spaces include traditional decorations and provide a peaceful ambience for spiritual practices.

Chuttu Verandah or Passageway

An open corridor is appended to the Poomukham in Keralan architecture. Chuttu verandah often encircles the house and leads to either side. Traditionally, lights that hung from the roof at equal distances from one another were used to designate this area.

Ambal Kulam or Pond

In Kerala’s traditional architecture style, you can see their own water pond named Ambal kulam. Conventionally, it was built with rubble on the sides, and you can see lotus plants. This water can fulfil the water requirements of the house with pleasing aesthetics. It is often located at the end of the passway, and it is named Chuttu Verandah.

Charupady or Verandah Seating

There will be classic carved wooden or parapet-style cement benches along the Chuttu Veranda and the Poomukham. They are referred to as Charupady. They make it possible to relax and enjoy the rain, the breeze, and the vistas surrounding the house. These were traditionally intended for socialising amongst family members and guests. 

Elevational Features

Sloping Roof

The iconic sloping roofs of Kerala homes are also known as the “Nadumuttam” roof. They are generally made of clay tiles, and they are designed to withstand heavy rainfall in Kerala. They help divert water away from the structure while promoting ventilation.

Padippura or Entrance

A roofed entryway called Padippura leads to the house’s main area. Traditionally, it has a pitched roof with clay tiles. These days, the more up-to-date variants come with wooden entry gates. 

Entrance Verandah or Poomukham

A Kerala house’s Poomukham is the entryway and is typically decorated with elaborate woodwork and ornamental elements. This welcoming area is often embellished with religious symbols, traditional lamps, and floral arrangements. The entrance verandah often features a sloping tiled roof with pillars made of wood or cement. Here, family members can sit with outsiders. 

Ventilation and Cross-Ventilation

In Kerala’s tropical climate, good ventilation is very important. Traditional Kerala-style houses are designed with large windows placed to allow cross-ventilation, helping cool the interiors naturally.

Architectural/Construction Details

Kerala architecture includes following details:

Wooden Architecture

Wood is a key element in Kerala house design, adding warmth and beauty. Detailed wooden carvings, called “Aranmula Kannadi,” are commonly seen on doors, windows, and pillars, showcasing local craftsmanship.

Aesthetic Colours

Traditional Kerala houses use earthy colours like terracotta, ochre, and deep green, inspired by nature. These colours blend with the environment, creating a sense of harmony.

Traditional Kerala House Styles

Traditional Kerala homes are built in accordance with ancient architectural principles, keeping the regional culture and climate in mind. The most prominent styles include:

• Nalukettu: The nalukettu houses are also called tharavadu, kovilakam, kotare, meda or illam. This classic four-block building style has an interior courtyard that is frequently encircled by different rooms, providing light and fresh air. The open court is at the centre of the home, where families gather.
• Ettukettu: It consists of eight blocks. This design style is larger and can fit more families or extended family members than Nalukettu.
• Pathinarukkettu: This design style is usually seen in old homes or historic mansions, which are larger, more intricate constructions made with sixteen blocks.  

Materials Used in Kerala House Construction

Kerala’s traditional architecture mainly relies on locally available materials that blend well with the environment:

• Laterite Stone: Laterite is the local building block that is mostly used for construction in Kerala. It is easily available and durable and used for walls and foundations.
• Wood: Timber, including teak wood, mahogany, sandalwood, and the jack wood, are used for house construction. Skilled craftsmen display their talent through precise joinery, assembly, and intricate carvings on wooden columns, walls, and roofs, a hallmark of Kerala architecture. Wood is also used for gables and roofs, which are thatched with coconut palm leaves or tiles and supported by wooden columns and rafters.
• Clay and Mud: Traditional Kerala homes are known for their large verandas. Clay is extensively used for walls, filling timber floors, and making bricks and tiles, as well as plaster. Clay provides natural insulation.
• Red oxide or terracotta tiles: Keralites often favour red oxide or terracotta tiles, valued for their cooling properties and earthiness.

Currently, in modern homes, innovative materials are used for better durability and aesthetics:

• Cement: They are widely used for their strength and resistance to moisture content.
• Glass and Steel: Modern homes use glass and steel to create a stylish look and let in more natural light.
• Flooring Material: Modern designs often use materials like vitrified tiles, hardwood, or polished concrete for a clean and versatile finish.

Modern Adaptations of Kerala Architecture

As the world changes, so do Kerala’s house designs. Architects are blending traditional style with modern requirements, creating homes that respect heritage while looking to the future. The following are some major modern adaptations of Kerala architecture:

Addition of Traditional Elements in Modern Design

Modern Kerala architecture keeps the connection between traditional aesthetics and modern functionality. Traditional sloping roofs with clay tiles are still in common use, but they are paired with modern materials such as glass and steel to enrich the design. This creates a balanced look that reflects both traditional and modern building techniques.

Sustainability and Eco-Friendly Practices

Sustainability is the main core of modern Kerala architecture. Modern constructions incorporate energy-efficient features such as solar panels, rainwater harvesting, and locally available materials to minimise environmental impact. This commitment to sustainable design benefits the planet, saves costs in the long run, and creates a healthier living environment for occupants.

Use of Open Spaces and Natural Light

Modern Kerala house designs involve clean lines, a minimalist approach, and a focus on functionality. It often features a flat or sloping roof, large windows for natural light, and open spaces for a roomy feel. Typical spaces include a large living room, dining room, kitchen, bedrooms, and bathrooms, with optional additions like a home office, gym, or entertainment room, creating a sense of openness and connection with the surroundings.

Innovations in Materials and Construction Techniques

Modern Kerala architecture is changing with modern building techniques. The exteriors often combine materials like glass, concrete, and steel to create a sleek, modern look. Modern amenities like smart home technology, energy-efficient appliances, and eco-friendly features may also be included.

Benefits of Kerala-Style Homes

Use of Natural and Local Materials

Traditional Kerala homes utilise natural materials such as laterite stone, wood, clay, bamboo, and granite. These materials enhance durability, craftsmanship, and cost-effectiveness. They are easily accessible and sustainable, supporting local economies.

Cost-Effectiveness

Local materials help in reducing construction costs. The use of readily available resources lowers transportation and material expenses.

Energy Efficiency

Traditional Kerala houses are designed to be energy-efficient. Sloped roofs with thatch and clay tiles keep homes dry and cool. Granite slabs below ground prevent dampness.

Harmonious Design with Nature

Homes are constructed in obedience to their natural surroundings. Courtyards, walls, and internal partitions are designed to maximise natural light and airflow. The design promotes continuous air movement and cross-ventilation for a comfortable living environment.

Decorating and Furnishing Kerala Homes

• An Aattu Kattil is a wooden swing, wide and long enough for two or three people, typically placed in large living rooms.
• A Kindi is a brass or bell-metal container filled with water, usually kept at the steps of the Poomukham. It has a spout to make it easy for people to wash their feet before entering the house.
• Kerala mural art is an important element in Kerala homes, depicting stories from Indian mythology on the walls.
• You can add modern beads, arti and other decoration elements to enhance the aesthetics.

Rising Demand  for Kerala Residential Properties

The demand for residential properties in Kerala is rising due to several factors

1. Population Growth

The increasing number of young families and professionals is driving up the demand for housing.

2. Urbanisation

The rapid expansion of cities like Kochi and Trivandrum boosts demand for urban residential units. New developments aim to accommodate the needs of the growing population in these areas.

3. Interest from NRIs

Many expatriates are investing in properties in Kerala. The affordability and cultural richness of Kerala are key attractions for these investors.

Challenges in Building Kerala-Style Homes

Building Kerala-style homes comes with unique challenges due to the region’s climate and modern needs. Before starting to construct this style of home, these challenges must be considered:

Climatic Challenges

Kerala has a tropical climate and receives heavy rains for almost six months. Its warm and humid climate poses significant challenges for constructing Kerala-style homes.

Material Availability

The choice of building materials is crucial when constructing Kerala-style homes. Traditional materials like wood and laterite are valued for their look and environmental benefits but can be expensive or hard to find due to regulations and deforestation concerns. Modern alternatives might not match their quality.

Evolution of Societal Needs

Nowadays, modern families prefer open, flexible spaces, unlike the traditional Kerala design, which has separate cooking, sleeping, and social areas. Updating traditional designs to fit contemporary lifestyles while preserving cultural elements is challenging.

Infrastructure Limitations

Some areas face problems like poor transportation and limited skilled labour, leading to higher costs and delays in project completion. Obtaining permits and obeying local regulations can also complicate integrating traditional features into modern designs.

Environmental Considerations

Cutting down trees or closing wells for spacious yards has become common, but it’s important to preserve the natural layout and ecology of the plot as a form of natural décor. Experts advise against altering the land’s natural features for the structure, suggesting instead that the house should be designed to complement them.

Cost of Building Kerala-Style Homes

The cost of building a Kerala-style home can vary based on factors such as size, location, labour costs, and materials. Recent increases in construction costs and material costs in Kerala have also affected overall expenses.

1. Affordable Kerala Style Home Construction Cost

For a basic house measuring approximately 1000 sq. ft., the expected cost ranges from ₹22 Lakhs to ₹23 Lakhs.

This category typically includes:

• Basic Construction Materials: This covers essential items such as bricks, cement, and sand at competitive pricing. 
• Standard Finishes: Basic finishing treatments for walls and floors, often using economical options like standard tiles or plaster.
• Simple Design: Layouts that prioritise functionality over intricate designs, focusing on essential living spaces without luxurious embellishments.
• Limited Structural Complexity: Often involves straightforward designs like single-story units with minimal architectural features.

2. Mid-Range Kerala Style Home Construction Cost

If homeowners wish to include additional space or upgrades, the cost can increase by ₹5-7 Lakhs, bringing the total budget for a mid-range house to approximately ₹27 Lakhs to ₹30 Lakhs. This price range accounts for better quality materials and some additional amenities.

In this category, costs generally encompass:

• Quality Materials: Upgraded materials, such as treated wood for frames and better-quality tiles for floors, which contribute to durability and aesthetic appeal.
• Enhanced Finishing: Improved wall finishes and details, including options for decorative painting and higher-grade flooring solutions.
• Functional Design Elements: Incorporation of more diverse layouts, possibly with additional rooms and features such as balconies or porticos for aesthetic and functional purposes.
• Additional Features: Elements like ventilation strategies and slight landscaping enhance the overall living environment.

3. Premium Kerala Style Home Construction Cost

For luxury and premium-level homes, budgets should be set between ₹40 Lakhs to ₹50 Lakhs. This range reflects high-quality materials, intricate designs, and extensive amenities to cater to more elaborate preferences.

This category usually encompasses:

• High-End Materials: Use of luxury materials like marble flooring, sophisticated finishes, and imported fixtures that enhance the aesthetic and functional value of the home.
• Bespoke Architectural Design: Customized designs featuring intricate layouts, multiple stories, and specialised spaces like home offices or entertainment areas.
• Sophisticated Features: Integration of advanced building technologies such as energy-efficient systems, smart home capabilities, and high-quality fittings.
• Full Landscaping and Amenities: Including extensive landscaping, outdoor living areas, and additional features such as swimming pools, enhancing the overall appeal of the property.

These costs can fluctuate based on various factors, including local market conditions and material choices.

Example Cost Breakdown to Build Kerala-Style Home

For a clearer picture, consider the following example for a normal 1000 sq. ft house:

• Walls ( including Bricks, Sand, Cement & Labour): ₹4,09,500
• Doors & Windows (including Material & Labour): ₹78,750
• Painting & Finishing (including Material & Labour): ₹1,57,500
• Concrete Structure (including Steel, Sand, Cement, Ground & Labour): ₹4,25,250
• Electrical & Plumbing (including Material & Labour): ₹2,59,875
• Flooring (including Tiles, Cement, Sand & Labour): ₹2,04,750
• Extras (such as Building Approval, Temporary EB, Excavation, etc.): ₹6–₹7 Lakhs

Total Estimated Cost: Approximately ₹22 Lakhs for a standard project

Current Market Trends

Recently, building costs in Kerala have increased by 10% due to higher application fees, quarry fees, and other government-related costs. This rise has significantly raised the basic cost of constructing a house, often exceeding initial budget estimates. Investors should consider this trend when planning their finances.

Tips for Cost Management

1. Plan Ahead 

Make a detailed plan and budget before starting the project. Create a detailed plan and budget before starting construction. Without a solid plan, it’s hard to stay within your budget. Get advice from family and friends for ideas that fit your budget. Many people skip this step and regret it later. You can also include Low-Cost Construction Techniques and Tips in your plan.

2. Choose Your Plot Wisely

Plots in Kerala can be expensive due to the growing real estate market, but you can still find affordable options in developing suburbs like Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, and Ernakulam.

3. Find a Reputable Supplier

While there may be many suppliers in your area, choose one with a good reputation who offers low-maintenance building materials without compromising on quality. A reliable supplier may also offer credit options.

4. Monitor the Construction Closely

Even if you’re working with the best contractors, it’s important to supervise the work regularly. Ensure they are using the right materials and check the progress to avoid delays and extra costs. Monitoring is key to keeping your house construction on time and within budget.

Building a Kerala-style home involves considering several cost factors. By understanding these, homeowners can make better decisions and save money. It’s important to get multiple estimates and consult with experts to ensure the final budget matches your financial plans and meets your design and functionality goals.

FAQs About the Construction of Kerala-Style Home

Reference:
https://housing.com/news/traditional-houses-in-kerala/

https://modelssibeamsurfaces.wordpress.com/
https://kairalitmt.com/house-construction-costs-in-kerala/